Thunderstorms and Cyclones

Key Notes :

Thunderstorms:

  • Definition: Thunderstorms are violent weather events that involve lightning, thunder, and heavy rainfall.
  • Formation: They form when warm, moist air rises rapidly, cooling and condensing to form clouds, which causes the release of energy in the form of lightning.
  • Components of Thunderstorms:
    • Lightning: A sudden electrical discharge in the atmosphere, producing a bright flash of light.
    • Thunder: The sound caused by the rapid expansion of air around the lightning bolt.
    • Heavy Rainfall: Caused by the condensation of water vapor in the storm clouds.
    • Hail: In strong thunderstorms, hailstones may form due to the strong updrafts in the storm.
  • Safety Measures:
    • Stay indoors during a thunderstorm.
    • Avoid using electrical appliances.
    • Do not shelter under trees or open fields.
    • Listen to weather updates for warnings.

Cyclones:

  • Definition: Cyclones are large, rotating storm systems characterized by low-pressure centers and high winds, often accompanied by heavy rain.
  • Types of Cyclones:
    • Tropical Cyclones: Occur in tropical regions over warm oceans (e.g., hurricanes, typhoons).
    • Extratropical Cyclones: Form in temperate regions, associated with cold and warm air masses.
  • Formation of Cyclones:
    • Cyclones form over warm ocean waters when the temperature is above 27°C, causing evaporation and rising warm air.
    • The Coriolis effect causes the rotating motion of the cyclone, and low-pressure systems intensify it.
    • The storm grows stronger as it gains energy from the ocean and can cause massive destruction when it reaches land.
  • Parts of a Cyclone:
    • Eye: The calm center of the cyclone, where weather conditions are clear.
    • Eye Wall: The ring of intense thunderstorms surrounding the eye, with the strongest winds.
    • Rainbands: Spiraling bands of clouds and rain extending from the eye wall.
  • Impacts of Cyclones:
    • Strong winds can uproot trees, damage buildings, and cause widespread destruction.
    • Heavy rains can lead to flooding.
    • Storm surges can cause sea-level rise along coastlines, leading to coastal flooding.
  • Safety Measures:
    • Stay informed through weather forecasts and warnings.
    • Evacuate if necessary, and stay in a secure, sturdy building.
    • Stock up on essentials like food, water, and medicines.

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